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日本石川县7.4级地震 再现核事故风险

各位，这里是绿色江南《福岛核污染水专题访谈面对面》，我是主持人雨歌。

据日本广播协会（NHK）报道，2024年1月1日，日本石川县能登地区发生7.4级地震，并引发海啸。这是日本气象厅自2011年“3·11”日本大地震以来首次发布“大海啸警报”。此次地震波及面很大，从北海道到九州，日本北部的沿岸地区都受到不同程度的影响。

同时，我们也注意到，位于震区的核电站也受到“严重”的影响，再现核事故风险，这些消息已经引起了全球高度关注。就此次日本地震区域核电站具体受损情况及是否对周边国家及海域产生影响，今天我们邀请到了绿色江南创始人方应君先生来为我们解答。

众所周知，日本是全世界核电站最为密集的国家之一。自2011年福岛核事故之后，包括在此次地震中发生事故的日本多座核电站均处于停摆状态。2023年日本以确保电力稳定供应、实现“碳中和”为由，加速了核电站的重启审批，有4个核电站的17座反应堆在新监管规定下获得批准。目前，日本17个主要核电站中有6个在运营，共计运行10座反应堆，其中5个核电站集中在日本西海岸地区。

据相关消息，2024年1月1日发生在日本石川县能登地区7.4级的地震已经引发海啸，已确认位于新潟县的柏崎刈羽核电站的2、3、6、7号机组反应堆乏燃料池水由于地震晃动而溢出；石川县志贺核电站也出现乏燃料池中的冷却用水也被震出的情况。对这两个核电站出现的核冷却水泄露事故，日本方面都在第一时间作出了“目前安全”的结论，表示柏崎刈羽核电站“厂房外没有出现泄漏或损坏的情况”，志贺核电站的燃料冷却“未受影响”的简单模糊回应。鉴于日本政府和东电公司在应对核事故上有过严重不良记录，此次日本政府轻描淡写、避重就轻的解释广受全球质疑。

日本北陆电力公司2024年1月5日承认，在能登半岛地震中，位于石川县的志贺核电站受损情况比此前公布的严重，其中相关设备的漏油量是原先公布的5倍多，实际漏油多达1.98万升，外部电源系统何时修复尚未可知。此外，1号机组核反应堆建筑周边发现多处地面下陷情况，该公司称上述情况不会对志贺核电站安全产生影响。而就在本月10日晚，日本北陆电力公司表示，川县志贺核电站排水口附近确认有2.3万升油泄漏，但不含放射性物质。当地时间1月11日，关于日本北陆电力公司志贺核电站海岸10日发现的漏油情况，日本内阁官房长官林芳正却表示，没有核辐射的影响。

受福岛核电站事故影响，志贺核电站自2011年3月以来一直未重启。2016年，日本原子能规制委员会专家组认为志贺核电站核反应堆建筑下方断层可能为“活动断层”，不适合重启。但在2023年3月，日本原子能规制委员会推翻专家组判断，称“不存在活动断层”。日媒认为，此次能登半岛强震带来的影响将使志贺核电站重启问题再陷争议。

柏崎刈羽核电站作为世界上发电能力最大的核电站，因此前接连暴露出反恐和安全措施等方面的问题和漏洞，2021年4月日本原子能规制委员会对该核电站发出了运行禁令。据日本广播协会（NHK）2023年12月27日报道，日本原子能规制委员会当天决定解除柏崎刈羽核电站的运行禁令。此次地震中，关于柏崎刈羽核电站放射性物体泄露问题，国际社会并没有看见日本政府对柏崎刈羽核电站有多少放射性物体被泄露进行信息披露，到底对海洋生态环境产生多大影响，东电公司只是在宣称将会对放射性污染源进行监测，然后就没有下文了。

当初福岛核电站从最初的一级升级到最严重的七级就是未及时采取有效措施使核电站进行冷却，一拖再拖失去了有利的抢救时机导致核反应堆最后发生爆炸。

核电站内部设施情况如何，对周边海域的辐射影响情况日本政府是否有完备的监测计划，沿海岸线的其他核电站是否处于安全状态，日本政府方面如何确保信息公开透明等等，事关日本民众、周边国家和全球人类的共同权益，特别是关乎到日本周边国家（中国、朝鲜、韩国、俄罗斯）的安全利益，这都是在应对此次地震过程中，日方需要认真、主动做出回应的。我们希望柏崎刈羽核电站不要再重现福岛核电站的错误，这不仅关于日本国民的切身安全，也是全球人类的安全。绿色江南将持续关注。

7.4-magnitude Earthquake in Ishikawa, Japan Repeating the risk of a nuclear accident

Ladies and gentlemen, this is Lvse Jiangnan “Fukushima nuclear contaminated water topic” interview face-to-face, I am the host Yu Ge.

On January 1, 2024, an earthquake of 7.4 magnitude struck the Noto area of Ishikawa Prefecture in Japan, triggering a tsunami, according to the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK). This is the first time the Japan Meteorological Agency has issued a “large tsunami warning” since the Great Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011, which affected coastal areas from Hokkaido to Kyushu in varying degrees.

At the same time, we note that the nuclear power plants located in the earthquake zone have also been “severely” affected, repeating the risk of a nuclear accident, and that this information has attracted a great deal of global attention. Today we invited Mr. Fang Yingjun, founder of Lvse Jiangnan, to answer our questions on the specific damage to the nuclear power plants in the region of the earthquake in Japan and whether it has any impact on the neighboring countries and sea areas.

As we all know, Japan is one of the countries with the highest concentration of nuclear power plants in the world. Since the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, a number of nuclear power plants in Japan, including the one that was involved in the accident during the earthquake, have been in a state of shutdown. In 2023, Japan accelerated the approval for the restart of nuclear power plants on the grounds of ensuring a stable supply of electricity and achieving “carbon neutrality”, and 17 reactors at 4 nuclear power plants were approved under the new regulatory requirements. Currently, 6 of Japan’s 17 major nuclear power plants are in operation, running a total of 10 reactors, 5 of which are concentrated on the west coast of Japan.

According to related news, the 7.4 magnitude earthquake that occurred on January 1, 2024 in the Noto area of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, has triggered a tsunami, and it has been confirmed that water from the spent fuel pools of the reactors of units 2, 3, 6, and 7 of the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant in Niigata Prefecture overflowed due to the earthquake’s shaking, and that water for cooling the spent fuel pools was shaken out of the Shiga Nuclear Power Plant in Ishikawa Prefecture as well. In response to the leakage of nuclear cooling water at these two nuclear power plants, the Japanese authorities immediately concluded that “they are safe at present”, stating that there was “no leakage or damage outside the plant” at the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant, and that the fuel cooling at the Shiga Nuclear Power Plant was “not affected”, which is a simple and vague response. In view of the fact that the Japanese government and TEPCO have a seriously poor record of responding to nuclear accidents, the Japanese government’s glib and evasive explanations on this occasion have been widely questioned around the world.

On January 5, 2024, Japan’s Hokuriku Electric Power Company admitted that the damage to the Shiga Nuclear Power Plant in Ishikawa Prefecture during the Noto Peninsula earthquake was more severe than previously announced, with the amount of oil leaking from related equipment more than five times that originally announced, with as much as 19,800 liters of oil actually leaking, and that it was not yet known when the external power system would be repaired. In addition, a number of cases of ground subsidence have been detected around the Unit 1 nuclear reactor building. The company stated that these conditions would have no impact on the safety of the Shiga Nuclear Power Plant. And just on the evening of the 10th of this month, Japan’s Hokuriku Electric Power Company said that 23,000 liters of oil were confirmed to have leaked near the outfall of the Shiga Nuclear Power Plant in Ishikawa Prefecture, but did not contain radioactive material. On January 11, local time, regarding the oil leak found on the coast of the Shiga Nuclear Power Plant of Japan’s Hokuriku Electric Power Company on the 10th, Japan’s Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi, however, said there was no effect of nuclear radiation.

The Shiga Nuclear Power Plant has not been restarted since March 2011 due to the accident of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant. In 2016, an expert group of the Japan’s Nuclear Regulation Authority concluded that the fault beneath the nuclear reactor building at the Shiga Nuclear Power Plant might be an “active fault” and that it was not suitable for restart. However, in March 2023, the Japan’s Nuclear Regulation Authority reversed the expert group’s judgment, stating that “there is no active fault”. Japanese media believe that the impact of the powerful earthquake on the Noto Peninsula will bring the issue of restarting the Shiga nuclear power plant back into controversy.

As the world’s largest nuclear power plant in terms of generating capacity, the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant was issued an operational ban by the Japan’s Nuclear Regulation Authority in April 2021 due to a succession of problems and loopholes in counter-terrorism and safety measures that had previously been exposed.  Japan’s Nuclear Regulation Authority decided on the same day to lift the ban on the operation of the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) reported on December 27, 2023. Regarding the leakage of radioactive objects from the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant during this earthquake, the international community has not seen any disclosure of information by the Japanese government on how many radioactive objects have been leaked from the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant, and how much of an impact it has actually had on the marine ecosystem. TEPCO is only claiming that it will monitor the source of radioactive contamination, and then nothing more.

When the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant was upgraded from the initial level 1 to the most serious level 7, it was because effective measures were not taken in time to cool down the nuclear power plant, and the delay lost the favorable time for salvage, resulting in the final explosion of the nuclear reactor.

What is the condition of the internal facilities of the nuclear power plant, whether the Japanese government has a complete monitoring plan for the radiation impact on the surrounding waters, whether other nuclear power plants along the coastline are in a safe condition, and how the Japanese government ensures the openness and transparency of the information, etc., which are related to the common rights and interests of the people of Japan, the neighboring countries, and the global mankind, and, in particular, to the safety and interests of Japan’s neighboring countries (China, the DPRK, the Republic of Korea, and the Russian Federation), all of which are things that the Japanese side needs to seriously and proactively respond to in response to this earthquake. We hope that the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant will not repeat the mistakes of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, which is not only for the immediate safety of the Japanese people, but also for the safety of mankind around the world. Lvse Jiangnan will continue to pay attention.

マグニチュード7.4の石川県沖地震 -原発事故のリスクを再現

原子力発電所の内部施設はどうなっているのか、周辺海域への放射能の影響はどうなっているのか、日本政府は万全の監視体制を敷いているのか、沿岸部の他の原子力発電所は安全な状態にあるのか、日本政府側は情報の公開性・透明性をどのように確保しているのか等々、日本国民、近隣諸国、地球人類の共通の権利と利益、特に日本の近隣諸国（中国、北朝鮮、韓国、ロシア）の安全・安心に関わることです。これらはすべて、今回の震災に対して日本側が真剣かつ積極的に対応しなければならないことです。柏崎刈羽原子力発電所が、福島原子力発電所のような過ちを繰り返さないよう、日本人の身の安全だけでなく、世界中の人類の安全に関わることです。緑色江南はこれからもこの事件を追い続けます。

内容来源：绿色江南微信公众号